Tissue fixation, paraffin embedding, and fine sectioning using a microtome.
Routine standard staining techniques such as Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) or Gabe’s Trichrome. Special stains are used for more advanced tissue analysis and for the visualization of specific components, including: Periodic Acid–Schiff (PAS) for carbohydrates and glycoconjugates, Congo Red for amyloid plaques, Feulgen stain for DNA, TUNEL assay for detecting apoptotic neurons
Immunohistological labeling and in situ hybridization, combined with image analysis using tools such as ImageJ and QuPath.
Pre-embedding in Agarose:
A specialized pre-embedding technique in agarose, adapted for very small specimens, to facilitate optimal paraffin embedding.